Max Nordau called Mallarmé a "lamentable eunuch" with a "weak mind" who only exhibited "moments of versification" (quoted in Morris, 14). Joyce suffered many accusations of insanity during the serial publication of Finnegans Wake, especially from Wyndam Lewis and Ezra Pound, many of these were worked into the text in a manner that paradoxically refutes the charge whilst agreeing with it. One example: in a letter to Joyce, Pound wrote "Nothing short of divine vision or a new cure for the clapp [sic] can possibly be worth all the circumambient peripherization" (LIII: 145). Joyce then worked this comment into his text as "A New Cure for an Old Clap" (FW: 104.23-4).

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